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The Guide to Organic Gardening    
Chapter 9
Camouflage Gardening
Deer Resistant Plants
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"Plants can only be called deer resistant, not deer proof. Some plants are quite tasty to deer, others less so. Depending on the density of the deer population, drought conditions and the availability of other more palatable plants some plants are more resistant than others. This list is an attempt to classify and define, as a food source for deer, the desirability of many plants typically found in Central Texas."


Camouflage Gardening is simply using plants that contain natural chemicals and have characteristics that deter deer from wanting to eat them. A scent barrier is created by using a variety of strongly aromatic plants, shrubs, and herbs throughout the garden.

Deer rely on their sense of smell to determine what is safe and desirable to eat. A wide variety of strong odors confuse the deer. The animal will generally leave the area and go to a landscape where it can clearly identify what it is eating.

A Deer-Resistant garden can be created by following four easy steps:

1. Plant category #1 specifies many strongly aromatic plants to use, in ample numbers, throughout the landscape. Use two plants from category #1 for every one plant on category #3 or #4.

2. All plants in category #2 have some or all of the following characteristics: bitter taste, coarse/tough hairy or prickly leaves, and/or caustic milky/sticky sap. Deer rarely eat these plants. Use these plants freely throughout the landscape.

3. Plants in this category reseed prolifically, grow rampantly or spread aggressively by underground roots. Hidden within an aromatic garden, these #3 plants rapidly reward the homeowner by ceaselessly increasing in numbers.

Trees suffer two types of damage from deer: the foliage will be eaten to the browse line (appx. 5-1/2' from the ground), and bucks often fight with and polish their antlers on resilient saplings, tree trunks under 3" in diameter, and multi-trunk ornamentals. Until the trees mature, it is wise to protect them with an evergreen scent barrier or a wire cage.

4. Once the perennial and evergreen aromatic plants are used in ample numbers from category #4, vertical growers (climbing vines and shrubs) and a limited number of your favorite deer-desirable in-town plants can be hidden within the scent barrier.

CAUTION: Deer will eat almost anything in the Spring. This is the time when plants are the most tender and are highest in nutrition. This same Spring-time/lush growth occurs in new nursery stock and when the gardener constantly fertilizes plants. It will be necessary to spray with Cloud Cover or other deer repellant for approximately three (3) weeks while the plants "harden off" and become less palatable to deer.

Instead of fertilizing, promote growth and blooms by two easier methods. Providing very healthy soil, through purchase or amendment, promotes stronger plants that are more deer-resistant, disease free and are more prolific producers of foliage or fruit. 20

Deadheading (removing spent blossoms) encourages the plant to bloom repeatedly in order to set seed. However, the foliage can toughen up naturally. 1996 Patti Simons

 Legend

AAnnual
VVine
BiBiennial
GrGrass
DDeciduous
DshDeciduous Shrub
EEvergreen
EshEvergreen Shrub
PPerennial
DtrDeciduous Tree
ShShrub
PVPerennial Vine
ogOut grow
blBrowse Line / 5.5'hieneral


* indicates Native to South Central Texas & Edwards Plateau

Species TypeCat Common NameSize Bloom ColorBloom Time Mechanism
Aesculus pavia* Dsh1 Red Buckeye25' red Apr-May Irritation/gut pain/bitter taste
Andropogon gerardi* Gr1 Big Bluestem3-6' creamAug-Nov Rarely eaten
Anisacanthus wrightii* P1 Flame Acanthus4' orangeJun-Oct Aromatic foliage/strong taste
Anisodontea ‘tara's wonder’ ?1 Mini Mallow2' pinkSummer Strongly aromatic/prolific blmr/new to area
Aristida purpurea Gr1 Purple Treeawn18" purpleApr-Oct. Rarely eaten/wildlife habitat
Artemisia ludoviciana P1 White Sage2' yellowJul-Oct. Aromatic/aggressive growth
Asclepias linaria P1 Pineleaf Milkweed2' whiteMar-Oct. Sap/interesting foliage, flower and pod
Asclepias sublata P1 Desert Milkweed4' yellowApr-Oct. Sap rubber/interesting vertical plant/pod dried arrangements
Asparagus springerii E1 Asparagus Fern6' Rarely eaten/red berries fall/attracts birds
Bouteloua curtipendula* Gr1 Sideoats Grama30" goldJune-Nov Rarely eaten
Buchloe dactyliodes* Gr1 Buffalo Grass1' Rarely eaten
Buxus sempervirens E1 Boxwood1-5' Toxic/leaves/twigs/aroma/acrid taste
Cassia corymbosa* ESh1 Common Tree Senna3-5' yellowJul-Sept Toxic/bitter taste/not tr sz due to fz/return
Cestrum nocturnum P1 Nt. Blooming Jasmine 3' whiteSummer Toxic/all parts
Chamaecyparis spp. Dtr1 Cypress30' Toxic/all parts/aromatic
Chasmanthium latifolium* P1 Inland Seaoats3' creamMay-Oct Rarely eaten
Chelidnium majus Bi1 Celandine Poppy4' yellow Summer Pungent smell/acrid taste
Chrysanthemum mexicana* P1 Damianita18" yellowJun-Oct Aromatic/coarse foliage
Eupatorium rugosum* P1 White Snakeroot3' WhiteAug-Nov Toxic/All parts
Euphorbia antisyphilitica E1 Candelilla1' pinkMay-Oct. Sap/ irritation/pain to gut/Interesting vertical accent
Flourensia cernua E1 Tarbush3' yellowSep-Dec. Aromatic foliage w/resin
Gutierezia sarothrea EP1 Snakeweed18" yellowFall Toxic/all parts/bitter, soap taste/turpentine odor
Hesperaloe paviflora ESh1 Red Yucca2' coralSpring Coarse foliage/deer will always nip flower spike
Heterotheca latifolia* P1 Golden Aster30" yellowAug-Nov Aromatic/camphor odor
Ilex vomitoria ‘nana’ ESh1 Dwarf Yaupon Holly18" Rarely eaten/no berries
Jasminum mesyni Sh1 Primrose Jasmine3-6' yellowSpring Seldom eaten, marvelous cascading shrub
Jatropha cardiophylla E1 Limber Bush3' podsSept. Bitter Sap when broken
Jatropha cuneata Sh1 Leather Plant3' podsSept. Bitter Sap when broken/semievergreen
Jatropha dioica DSh1 Sangre de Drago6' whiteApr-May Bitter Red Sap/blood of the dragon
Juniperus ashei* ESh1 Ashe Juniper18' Aromatic/coarse foliage
Juniperus spp. ESh1 Juniper18" Aromatic/coarse foliage
Juniperus virginia* ESh1 Eastern Red Cedar30' Aromatic/coarse foliage
Larrea tridentata* Sh1 Creosote Bush6' yellowApril Aromatic/sticky sap/rarely eaten
Machaeranthera phyllocephala* A1 Camphor Daisy 2' yellowMar-Dec Aromatic/ camphor odor
Muhlenbergia capillaris* Gr1 Gulf Coast Muhly2' purpleAug-Oct Rarely eaten
Muhlenbergia dubia* Gr1 Pine Muhly3' creamAug-Nov Rarely eaten
Muhlenbergia dubiodes* Gr1 Weeping Muhly18" creamAug-Nov Rarely eaten
Muhlenbergia lindheimeri Gr1 Muhly Grass2-5' silverMid-Oct Rarely eaten
Muhlenbergia rigens* Gr1 Metcalf Muhly18" silverSept-Nov Rarely eaten/wildlife habitat
Origanum vulgare P1 Oregano1-3' Aromatic spreading herb
Pectis angustifolia* A1 Lemon Pectis8' yellowJune-Oct Aromatic/strong lemon
Perilla frutescens A1 Perilla Mint18" Aromatic/pungent/ Toxic/leaves bronze-purple
Perovskia atriplicifolia* P1 Russian Sage3' lav blueJuly-Oct Aromatic/outgrow/aggressive
Poliomintha longifolia* P1 Mexican Oregano3' lav whitMay-Aug Aromatic/evergreen/long bloom period/sm.shrub
Polyantha Rose ESh1 The Fairy3' lt pinkReblooms Wonderful rose/out blooms and outgrows deer
Rosmarinus officinalis* ESh1 Hill Hdy. Rosemary 3' blue Feb-Apr Aromatic/almost evergreen/use all varieties/plant alot
Salvia azurea v.pitcheriii* P1 Pitcher Sage3' sky blueMay-Oct Aromatic/lacy gray-green foliage
Salvia ballotaeflora* P1 Blue Shrub Sage5' blueMay-Oct Aromatic/gray-green.foliage
Salvia chamaedryoides* P1 Gray Shrub Sage3' blueApr-Oct Aromatic/silver foliage
Salvia discolor* P1 Silver Peruvian Sage3' purpleApr-My Aromatic/blooms almost black against silver foliage
Salvia farinacea* P1 Mealy Blue Sage3' blueMar-Nov Aromatic/never eaten/blooms Spring to Fall
Salvia greggii lyciodes* P1 'Nuevo Leon"18" purpleApr-Nov Aromatic/lacy foliage
Salvia greggii S.microphylia* P1 'Red Velvet'2' redMay-Oct Aromatic/evergreen/great bloomer
Salvia greggii* P1 Cherry Sage3' redMar-Nov Aromatic/mature leaves rarely eaten/long bloom period
Salvia guaranitica* P1 Magestic Sage4' blu &purApr-Oct Aromatic/wonderful plant
Salvia leucantha* P1 Mexican Bush Sage4' purpleSept-Oct Aromatic/silver foliage/good bloom
Salvia longispica farinacea* P1 'Indigo Spires'4' blueApr-Oct Aromatic/just blooms, blooms, blooms
Salvia lycioides* P1 Canyon Sage18" blueSpr/Fall Aromatic/evergreen
Salvia lyrata* P1 Lyre-Leaf Sage18" blueFeb-Apr Aromatic/reseeds aggresively
Salvia regla* P1 Mountain Sage3' orangeSept-Oct Aromatic/tall open
Salvia roemeriana* P1 Cedar Sage1' redMar-June Aromatic/repeat bloomer
Salvia uliginosa* P1 Bog Sage5' blueMar-Nov Aromatic/aggressive
Sambacus canadensis* DSh1 Elderberry10' whiteMay-Sept Toxic/aggressive growth/beautiful flowers
Santolina chamaecyparissus P1 Santolina2 yellowSummer Aromatic, felted, fine textured foliage
Santolina virens EP1 Santolina18" yellowSummer Aromatic, rich green threadlike foliage
Schizachryium scoparium* Gr1 Little Bluestem3' whiteAug-Nov Rarely eaten
Stachys coccinea* P1 Texas Betony1' redMar-Oct Aromatic/low mat-forming
Stipa tenuissima* Gr1 Mexican Feathergrass18" goldMay-Aug Rarely eaten
Tagetes lemmonii* P1 Copper Canyon Daisy3-4' yellowMay-Sept Aromatic
Tagetes lucida* P1 Mexican Marigold20" yellowMay-Sept Aromatic/tarrogon/great fall bloomer
Tanacetum vulgare P1 Tansy3' yellowToxic/all parts/aromatic
Thelesperma filifolium* A1 Black-eyed Susan2' yellow Feb-Dec Aromatic
Truja spp. E1 Cedar20' Aromatic/strong oil/bitter taste
Verbesina enceliodies* A1 Cow-Pen Daisy3' yellowFeb-Dec Strong odor when touched
Verbesina virginia P1 Frostweed3-7' whiteAug-Nov Sap/bitter taste/attracts Monarch Butterflies
Xanthocephalum dracunculiodes* P1 Common Broomweed3' yellowSept-Dec Rarely eaten
Achillea millefolium* P2 Yarrow10" whiteApr-Jun Tastes bitter/aromatic
Adonis annua* A2 Pheasant's Eye1-2' redFeb-Jun Toxic/bitter taste/dry/easy frm seed/1%
Aesculus arguta* DSh2 White Buckeye25' pl.yelloApr-May Irritation/pain in digestive tract/bitter taste
Aesculus pavia* Tr2 Red Buckeye25' redApr-May Toxic
Agave leuchugilla* ESh2 Agave12' purpleRainfall Coarse foliage
Agave scabra* Esh2 Century Plant1' yellowApr-May Coarse foliage
Apocynum androsaemilolium* P2 Dogbane2' pinkApr-July Milky sap/bitter sap
Argemone mexicana* A2 Yellow Prickly Poppy18" yellowApr-Oct Toxic/all parts/prickly foliage/bitter taste
Argemone sanguinea* A2 Rose Prickly Poppy4' roseFeb-May Prickly foliage/easy from seed/good cut
Argemone texana* P2 White Prickly Poppy30" whiteApr-May Toxic/all parts/prickly foliage/bitter taste
Asclepias asperula* P2 Antelope-Horns8" gr/yelMar-Nov Sap tastes bitter/attracts butterflies
Asclepias tuberosa* P2 Butterfly Weed2' orangeApr-Sept Tastes bitter/milky sap
Asclepias virdii* P2 Green Milkweed2' greenMar-Sept Tastes bitter/milky sap
Baileya multiradiata* A2 Desert Marigold9" yellowMar-Oct Coarse foliage/reseeds
Baptisia spp. P 2 False Indigo3-6' blueMay Toxic/all parts/tastes bitter
Berberis swaseyi* ESh2 Tex.Barberry3-4' yellowSpring Rarely eaten
Bervberus trifoliolata* ESh2 Agarita4' Prickly, coarse foliage/bitter taste
Brugmansia spp. P2 Yellow Datura3-4' yellowsummer Strong odor/burning taste/sweet smelling evening blooms
Bucharest sarothroides(F) ESh2 Dessert Broom5' whiteFall Pods cover plant in fluffy blanket
Caesalpinia gilliesii* P2 Bird of Paradise5' yel/redMay-Sep Rarely eaten
Carduus nutans* Bi2 Nodding Thistle30" pinkMay-Jul Musk odor/prickly
Carduus texanum* Bi2 Texas Thistle4' pinkMay-Jul Prickly foliage/sap
Centaurea melitensis* A2 Tocalote Thistle30" yellowMar-Aug Musk odor/prickly
Centaurea texanum* Bi2 Texas Thistle4' pinkMay-Jul Prickly foliage/sap
Centaurium beyrichii P2 Mountain Pink9" pinkSummer Relatively unpalatable
Cephalanthus occidentalis Sh2 Common Buttonbush2-3' whiteJun-Se Toxic/leaves
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum*x ES2 Ox-Eye Daisy 2' whiteMay Aromatic
Cichorium intybus* P2 Chicory3' blueJun-Oct Milky sap/bitter taste
Cirsium horridulum* ES2 Yellow Thistle3' yellowMar-Jun Prickly foliage
Cleome serrulata A2 Bee Plant4' manyMay-Oct Toxic/leaves/prolific blooms/reseeds
Colchium autumnal S2 Autumn Crocus8" yellowFall Toxic/all parts/intense pain in gut/1%
Convallaria majalis Blb2 Lily-of-the-Valley8" whiteSpring Toxic/all parts
Cordalis aurea* A2 Scrambeled Eggs1-2' yellowFeb-Apr Toxic/bitter taste
Dalea greggii* P2 Gregg Dalea/silver1' purpleApr-Nov Nipped/surround with aromatics
Datura innoxia P2 Datura3-5' whiteSummer Toxic/all parts/wonderful bloom
Datura metheioldes P2 Datura3-5' dbl purSummer Toxic/all parts/wonderful blooms & foliage
Datura quercifolia A2 Datura3-5' whiteSummer Toxic/all parts/wonderful blooms/oak leaf foliage
Datura wrightii* P2 Datura/Jimsonweed3' whiteMay-Nov Toxic/all parts/bitter taste/fragrant flower
Daucus carota* P2 Queen Anne's Lace30" whiteMay-Jul Rarely eaten/Blooms abundantly
Delphinium carolinianum* P2 Blue Larkspur2' blueMay-Jul Toxic/all parts when young/seeds as grows older
Descuraninia pinnata A2 Tansy Mustard3' yellowFeb-Apr Winter/dens.hairy/sticky/poor soil/1%
Digitalis purpurea Bi2 Foxglove3-5' pinkSpring Pain in mouth/throat
Dyschoriste linearis* P2 Snake Herb1' purpleJun-Oct Bitter taste/spicy fragrance
Dyssodia pentachaeta* A2 Parralena8" yellowMar-Dec Unpleasant scent/bitter taste
Dyssodia setifolia v radiata A2 Tiny Tim12" yellow Mar-Frz Gray furry foliage/strong scent/bitter taste
Ericameria laricifolia Sh2 Turpentine Bush2-3' yellowSep-Nov Sticky resin/strong scent
Erygium heterophyllum* P2 Mexican Thistle2' sk blueAug-Oct Coarse silver foliage/dries well
Eryngium leavenworthii* P2 Eryngo3' purpleAug-Sep Coarse foliaged/dries well
Eschscholtzia californica A2 California Poppy1' orangeSpring Toxic/all parts
Eupatorium perforlifum P2 Joe-pye Weed3-5' pinkSep-Frz Toxic/all parts/likes damp places
Euphorbia bicolor A2 Snow-on-the- Prairie1-3' wh/grenAug-Oct
Euphorbia marginata A2 Snow-on-the-Mountain2' wh/grenMay-Oct Sap/irritation/pain in gut
Europs spp. P2 Daisy Bush2' yellowSummer Aromatic silver or green foliage
Excium vulgare L. Bi2 Viper's Buglass1' purpleSummer Toxic/all parts/bitter taste/reseeds/attracts bees
Ficus pumila E2 Fig Vine6' Exc.foundation cover/not easily eaten by deer
Gaillardia pulchella* A2 Indian Blanket14" red/yelFeb-Dec Rarely eaten
Gloriosa supurba L. B2 Gloriosa Lily6-8' yel/redSummer Toxic/all parts/intense pain in gut/1%
Gomphrena globosa A2 Globe Amarantha1' pu/pk/wSummer Rarely eaten/red most often nipped repeatedly
Grindelia lanceolata P2 Fall Gumweed2-3' yellowFall Sticky to touch
Helianthus angustifolius* P2 Swamp Sunflower3' yellowAug-Nov Toxic
Helenium amarum* A2 Bitterweed1' yellowApr-Frz Bitter taste/prolific bloomer
Heliotropium helianthoides P2 Yellow Ox-eye3-4' yellowSummer Toxic/all parts
Hymenoxys scaposa* P2 Four-Nerve Daisy10" yellowFeb-Oct Bitter taste/aromatic
Iscoma wrightii* A2 Jimmyweed2' yellowJun-Oct Bitter tastes/sticky
Lantana camara & montevidensis P2 Lantana1-3' manySummer Aromatic/aggressive growth/long bloom period
Lantana horrida* P2 Texas Lantana3-5' or/yelApr-Oct Toxic/coarse foliage
Leucophyllum frutescens* ESh2 Cenizo3-6' pinkJun-Oct Toxic/bucks fight w/in fall
Linum sulcatum* A2 Y.Prairie Flax1-1' yellowMay-Aug Toxic/many flowers/delicate look/1%
Lipidium montanum* P2 Westn.Peppergrass1-2' whiteMar-Frz Aromatic/strong peppery odor
Lobelia cardinalis* P2 Cardinal Flower3' redMay-Dec Toxic/all parts/bitter taste
Lobelia siphilitica A2 Blue Cardinal Flower3' blueMay Toxic/all parts/bitter taste/1%
Lupinus texensis* A2 Texas Bluebonnet1' blueMar-May Toxic/all parts/bitter taste
Lycium andersonii Sh2 Desert Wolfberry6' lavenderFeb-May Bitter taste/trumpet flowers turn to red berries
Lycium berlandieri Sh2 Berlandier Wolfberry6' pl lavMar-Sep Bitter taste/Fall berries
Lycium fremontii Sh2 Fremont Thornbush3' whitelavSp/Fall Bitter taste/two season bloom
Melampodium leucanthum* P2 Black-Foot Daisy10" whlavMar-Nov Rarely eaten
Monardia citriodora* P2 Lemon Beebalm30" mauveMay-Jun Aromatic/citronella taste
Nyctagina capitata* P2 Scarlet Musk-Flwr1-2' pnk/redApr-Nov Aromatic/open eve/gd flwr/devil's bouquet
Ophiopogon japonica EGr2 Mondo6-8" Rarely eaten
Oxytropis lambertii* P2 Locoweed1' pinkApr-Jul Toxic/all parts
Palafoxia hookeriana* A2 Palafoxia2-4' pinkSum&Fal Sticky to feel/reseeds
Papaver Nudicaule P2 Iceland Poppy1-2' manyApr-May Topxic/all part
Papaver Oriental A2 Oriental Poppy4' manyApr-May Toxic/all parts
Papaver Rhoeas A2 Corn Poppy2-5' manyMay Toxic/all parts
Papaver somniferum A2 Opium Poppy4' manySpring Toxic/all parts
Parkinsonia aculeata* Tr2 Paloverde/ Retama12' yellowSpring Coarse/nip to browse but outgrow
Phlomis spp. P2 Phlomis4' yellowSummer Aromatic
Physalis spp. A2 Ground Cherry9" blueSummer Toxic/all parts/Fall berry
Phystegia intermedia* P2 Spr.Obedient Plant3' lavMar-Jun Aromatic/outgrow nips/aggressive growth
Phystegia virginiana* P2 Fall Obedient Plant3' pk/whiteJuly-Oct Aromatic/outgrow/aggressive growth
Pluchea camphorata* A2 Camphor Weed2-4' pinkJul-Nov Aromatic/coarse/many flowers/damp soil
Pluchea purpurascens* A2 Marsh Fleabane1-3' pinkMay-Dec Aromatic/coarse/many flowers/damp soil
Picradeniopsis spp. P2 Bahia1' yellowSp &Fal Bitter taste
Plumbago auriculata P2 Cape Plumbago1-2' blueSummer Rarely eaten/Fall foliage/draping
Polaniaia uniglandulosa* A2 Clammyweed2' whiteMay-Sep Sticky/profuse blooms/reseeds aggressively
Polytaenia nuttallii* Bi2 Wild Dill3' yellowApr-Jun Bitter taste/slight aroma
Prionopsis ciliata* A2 Saw-Leaf Daisy30" yellowAug-Oct Toxic/coarse foliage
Psilostrophe tagetina* P2 Woolly Paper Flw1' yellowMar-Oct Toxic/all parts
Psoralea tenuiflora* P2 Scurfy Pea2' vio blueMay-Jly Rarely eaten/lax/mny flw/1%
Pteridium auilinum P2 Bracken Fern1-2' Toxic/all parts/likes to be dry
Quincula lobata* P2 Pur Ground Cherry1' purpleMar-Dec Toxic/all parts/blooms continually
Rhus aromatica* Sh2 Aromatic Sumac6' foliageFall Coarse foliage/rarely eaten
Rhus virens* Tr2 Evergreen Sumac8' foliageFall Coarse foliage/rarely eaten
Rudbeckia fulgida* A2 Goldstrum Rudbeckia3' yellowJun-Sep Coarse foliage
Rudbeckia hirta* A2 Black-eyed Susan2' yellowMay-Sep Rarely eaten
Rudbeckia lacinata P2 Goldenglow3-5' yellowJun&Oct All parts cause irritation/pain in gut/ Aggressive growth
Salvia coccinea* P2 Tropical Sage30" o/p/r/wMay-Oct Aromatic/aggressive bloomer/reseeder
Sapindus drummondii*x Sh2 Soapberry15' foliageFall Toxic/all parts
Saponaria officinalis P2 Bouncing Bet3' pinkSummer Bitter/soap-like taste/bloomer/draping
Scutellaria seleniana* P2 Skullcap3' purpleApr-Aug Coarse foliage
Scutellaria suffrutescens* P2 Pink Skullcap1' pinkMay-Nov Coarse evergreen/ever bloom
Senecio ampullaaceus* A2 Tx.Squaw-Weed1-3' yellowFeb-Apr Toxic/agg growth/poor soil/1%
Senecio jacobea BI2 Tansy Ragwort3' yellowAug-Sep Toxic/all parts/bitter taste
Senecio leucostachys A2 Dusty Miller1' Toxic/silver leaves/bitter taste
Silphium albifloum* P2 Rosin Weed40" whiteMay-Jul Sticky sap/stem/leaves
Silphium simpsonii v.wrightii* P2 Simpson R. Weed4' yellowJun-Jul Sticky sap/stem/leaves
Solanum elaeanifolium* P2 Slv-Leaf Nightshade3' pur& whMar-Oct Toxic/prickly/black fruit fall/bitter
Solanum jasminoides PV2 Potato Vine15' whiteApr-Oct Toxic/all parts/bitter,soap-like taste/wonderful blooms
Solanum speudocapsicum P2 Jerusalem Cherry1' blueApr-Oct Toxic/all parts/bitter taste/aggressive reseeder
Solidago canadensis* P2 Goldenrod4' yellowSep-Nov Toxic/coarse foliage
Solidago mollis P2 Goldenrod4' yellowFall Toxoc/coarse foliage
Solidago petiolaris* P2 Goldenrod4' yellowFall Toxic/coarse foliage/agg./lg.flower clusers
Solidago rugosa P2 Goldenrod4' yellowFall Toxic/coarse foliage aggressive
Sophora secundiflora* ETr2 Texas Mtn. Laurel8' purpleMar-May Toxic/all parts/buck damage fall
Stachys byzantina P2 Lamb's Ears6" lavSummer Rarely eaten/great silver groundcover
Symphytum spp. A2 Comfrey3' lavMay-Aug Toxic/all parts
Tephorosia lindheimerie* P2 Lindheimer Tephrosia3' pinkMar-Oct Rarely eaten/aggressive growth
Veratrum viride P2 False Hellebore Toxic/all parts
Verbascum thapsus* Bi2 Common Mullein30" yellowJul-Sep Toxic/all pts/rosette of silver leaves until spike appears
Verbena bipinnatifida* P2 Prairie Verbena1' pinkApr-Oct Aromatic/many flowers/nip but outgrow
Verbena peruviana E2 Peruvian Verbena1x4' pinkApr-Oct Aromatic/agg.growth/almost evergreen/long bloom
Verbena tenuisecta* P2 Moss Verbena1' pk &purApr-Oct Fern-like foliage/Long bloom period/nip but outgrow
Vernonia baldwinii* P2 Western Ironweed2' pinkJul-Oct Coarse foliage/
Vernonia lindheimeri* P2 Woolly Ironweed32" pinkMay-Aug Coarse foliage/silver foliage
Viburnum rufidulum* Sh2 Rusty Blackhaw5' whiteMay Coarse foliage/silver underside/nice flower/berries in Fall
Viguiera denata* P2 Golden-eye3' yellowOct-Nov Musky odor
Vinca rosea A2 Madagascar Periwinkle1-2' manyMay-Sep Aromatic/rarely eaten/prolific bloomer/may reseed
Wisteria macrostachya* P2 Wisteriavine purpleApril Rarely eaten/nip but outgrow
Zantedeschia aethiopica P2 Calla Lily2' whitespring Sap/in all parts burns mouth/1%
Zinnia acerosa* P2 Native Zinnia10" whiteJun-Oct Rarely eaten
Zinnia grandiflora EP2 Zinnia6-8" yellowMay-Oct Rarely eaten/attracts butterflies
Actae pachpoda spp. Sh3 Baneberry2' whiteApr-May Toxic/all parts/bitter taste/berries
Allamanda cathartica A3 Allamanda10' yellowJun-Sep Toxic/all parts/sap
Allium spp. P3 Onions, Chives1-2' manyApr-Oct Nipped but not killed/Toxic/1%
Amelanchier spp. Tr3 Serviceberrywhite AprilToxic/leaves/twigs
Amsonia illustris P3 Showy Blue-Star2-4' blueMar-Jun Coarse foliage/gd flwr/damp/easy seed/1%
Aster pratensis P3 Meadow Aster2-3' purpleSep-Nov Many flw/nip but worth planting/1%
Callicarpa americana* DSh3 American Beauty Bush3-5' Eat foliage/Fall berry beautiful
Caltha palustris P3 Windflower2' yellowApril Bitter taste/1%
Cassia lindheimeriana* P3 Lindheimer Senna2' yellowAug-Sep Toxic/bitter taste
Cassia roemeriana* P3 Two-Leaved Senna2' yellowApr-Sep Toxic/long bloom per./easy from seed/1%
Cheiranthus chieranthoides Bi3 Wormseed Wallflower1-2' manySpring Bitter taste
Cooperia drummondii* P3 Rain Lily1' whiteRainfal Aggressively reseed/1%
Cooperia pedunculata* P3 Rain Lily1' yellowFall Aggressive reseeder/bloom after rain/1%
Cotinus obovatus* DSh3 Am.Smoke Tree15' roseSpring Nip but outgrow/wonderful tree
Cotoneaster glaucophyllus ESh3 Cotoneaster4' Generally not eaten/silver foliage/rd fall fruit/att.birds
Cotoneaster horizontalis ESh3 Cotoneaster3' Generally not eaten/red fall fruit/birds
Cytisus scoparius Dsh3 Broom1-3' yellowSummer Bitter taste
Dalea frutescens* P3 Black Dalea2' purpleJul-Oct Delicate looking silver foliage
Dalea greggii* P3 Gregg Dalea1' purpleApr-Nov Nip/nice delicate silver foliage
Dasylirion texanum* P3 Sotol1' creamMarch Coarse foliage
Dicentra spp. P3 Bleeding Heart1' pinkSpring Toxic/allparts/bitter taste/pain in gut/1%
Equisetum arvense P3 Horsetail2' Toxic/all parts
Erigeron modestus* P3 Plains Fleabane8" whiteMar-Nov Aggressive growth
Erthrina herbacea* Dsh3 Coral Bean6' redApr-Jun Toxic seeds/nip but outgrow/int.bloom
Eupatorium coelestinum* P3 Mistflower2' blueJul-Dec Aggressive growth/musky odor/many seeds
Eupatorium wrightii P3 White Mistflower3' whiteSummer Musk odor/aggressive growth/attracts butterflies
Euronymus japonica Sh3 Silver King Euron.4' Toxic/all parts/1%
Eysenhardtia texana DTr3 Tx.Kidneywood15' whiteSummer Toxic/all parts/attracts bees
Ficus caria Dsh3 Common Fig25' Toxic/sap/stems/leaves
Gelsemimum sempervirens* P3 Carolina Jasmine20' yellowApril Eat to browse/outgrow aggressively above browse line
Guara lindheimeri* P3 Scarlet Guara18 whiteMay-Sep Airy blooms/ nip but outgrow
Habranthus texanus* P3 Copper Lily1' yellowAug-Sep Outgrow/aggressively reseed
Helianthus angustifolius* P3 Swamp Sunflower3' yellowAug-Nov Toxic/all parts
Helianthus annuus* A3 Common Sunflower5' yellowMar.Dec Coarse foliage/agg. growth/1%
Helianthus maximilliani* P3 MaximillionSunflower 5' yellowJul-Oct Aggressive growth/depending on area may be nipped severly until established
Heliotropium convolvulaceum* A3 Fragrnt Heliotrope16" whiteJun-Oct Sweetly fragrant flwr/lax/1%
Heliopium spp. A3 Cherry Pie Plant1' purpleSummer Toxic/all parts/aromatic
Hymenopappus artemisiaefolius* Bi3 Woolly-White3' whiteMar-Jul Agg/good cut flower/grow sandy soil
Helleborus niger A3 Christmas Rose2' manyWinter Toxic/all parts/bitter taste/1%
Ilex decidua* DSh3 Possumhaw (F)1' rd.beryFall Toxic/strong taste/buck damage trunks
Ilex vomitoria* ESh3 Yaupon Holly (F)1' rd beryFall Toxic/but nip to browse/buck damage to trunks
Ipomoea pandurata* A3 Bindweed15' whiteMay-Oct Eat to browse/grows aggressively
Lagerstroemia indica Tr3 Crepe Myrtle15' manySummer Eat to browse/buck damage in fall
Ligustrum vulgare DSh3 Privet6' whiteSpring Normally eaten to browse line/ will look like sm.tree
Linum A3 Flax1' bl,wh,rMay-Sep Toxic/all parts
Lithospermum incisum* P3 Fringed Puccoon1' yellowNov-Jun Winter bloom/poor soil/roots3Dred dye
Lythrum californicum* P3 Purple Loosestrife3' pinkMay-Oct Nip but outgrow/blooms abundantly
Machaeranthera tanaceifolia* A3 Tahoka Daisy1' purpleMay-Oct Foliage sticky/
Magnolia grandiflora* ETr3 Southern Magnolia tree white May Eat to browse/og/buck damage-fall
Malus spp. Tr3 Applewhite SpringToxic: seeds/leaves/bark
Malvaviscus drummondii P3 Turk's Cap2' redAug-Oct Aromatic/hairy foliage/nice bloom/berry/1%
Melia azedarach DTr3 Chinaberry Tree30' whiteLat Spr Toxic/all parts/interesting winter berries
Nicotiana alata A3 Nicotiana2-3' whiteJun-Se. Toxic/leaves/1%/very fragrant flowers
Perezia runcinata* P3 Peonia1' pinkMar-Nov Shiny foliage/mny flw/dry/start seeds
Perezia wrightii* P3 Brownfoot2-4' pinkMay-Nov Desert holly/mny flw/dry/odor of honey
Phyla nodiflora v. incisa* P3 Frog Fruit3' whiteJul-Oct Rampant/lax groundcover
Pinus elderica ESh3 Afghan Pine20' Aromatic/fast growing
Pistacia texenanus* DTr3 Texas Pistacio15' Nip but outgrow/buck damage fall
Prospis glandulosa* DTr3 Mesquite20' cr.whiteMar-Sept Eat to browse/outgrow
Prunus caroliniana ESh3 Am. Cherry Laurel4-8' Toxic/ leaves
Prunus persica Tr3 Peachpinks SpringToxic/ seeds/leaves/bark
Prunus spp. Tr3 Apricot/Cherry Plum/Almond20' manySpring Toxic/ seeds/leaves/bark
Pyrus communis Tr3 Pearmany SpringToxic/seeds/leaves/bark
Pyrus malus Tr3 Apple 20' whiteSpring Toxic/seeds/leaves/bark
Quincula lobata* P3 Pur Ground Cherry1' purpleMar-Dec Toxic/all parts/blooms alot
Ranunculus spp. P3 Buttercups1' yellowApril Bitter taste/1%
Ricinus communis A3 Caster Bean3-5' Jun-OctToxic/all parts/irritation/pain in gut/bitter/1%
Ruellia brittoniana* P3 'Chi-Chi'Ruellia1' pinkApr-Oct Nip but outgrow/prolific bloomer
Ruellia nudiflora* P3 Wild Petunia3' violetApr-Oct Nip but outgrow/many blooms
Sapindus drummondii* DSh3 Soapberry15' foliageFall Toxic/all parts
Symphoricarpos albus DSh3 Coralberry/Indian Current3' red berriesFall May eat leaves/berries of interest
Taxodium distichum* DTr3 Bald Cypress30' Nip to browse/Lacy foliage
Tecoma stans* P3 Yellow Bells4' yellowMay-Oct Profuse bloomer/aggressive growth/sap
Thalictrum dasycarpum P3 Purple Meadow-Rue2-6' yellowMar-Jul Airy/1%
Ungnadia speciosa* DSh3 Mexican Buckeye1' pinkApr-May Toxic/all parts
Wedelia texana* P3 Zexmania hispida 8" orangeMay-Nov Groundcover/aggressive growth
Antigonon leptopus PV4 Queen's Wreath20' pk & whAug. Nip to browse/aggressive growth
Baccharis halimifilia (F) DSh4 Baccharis6-8' whiteFall New growth nipped/outgrow
Bignonia capreolata* E4 Crossvine10' red/yelApr-Jun Eat to browse line/aggressive growth
Campsis radicans* P4 Trumpet Creeper2' orangeJun-Sep Eat to browse line/aggressive growth
Clematis P4 Clematis vine20' manyMay-Oct Intense burning of mouth/nip to browse/1%
Lonicera sempervirens* P4 Coral Honeysuckle15' redMay-Oct Eat to browse line/aggressive growth above browse line
Lycium halimfolium DV4 Matrimony vine All parts
Merremia aurea PV4 Yellow Morning Glory20' yellowMay-Sep Nip to browse/Wonderful color/rampant growth/reseeder
Solandra guttata EV4 Cup of Gold15' yellowSummer Eat to browse but will outgrow
Solandra spp. DV4 Trumpet Flower20' orangeSummer Toxic/all parts/nip to browse/og/1%


* indicates Native to South Central Texas & Edwards Plateau




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